Etymology of gondola

The word gondola comes from the Old Italian gondula, from the late Latin condua (gondola) from the late Greek condura (small boat) from the Greek adjective conduros [condos + ura; with short tail].* Others etymologize gondola from the Greek condy [Gr: κονδύ], a kind of glass.*

In modern Greek:
a) gondola: gondola [Gr: γόνδολα]

* Babiniotis Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek

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Etymology of gamut

The word gamut originally "lowest note in the medieval musical scale," in the system of notation devised by Guido d'Arezzo, contraction of Medieval Latin gamma ut, from gamma, the Greek letter, indicating a note below A, + ut (later do), the low note on the six-note musical scale that took names from corresponding syllables in a Latin hymn for St. John the Baptist's Day:
Ut queant laxis resonare fibris
Mira gestorum famuli tuorum
Solve polluti labii reatum,
etc. Gamut came to be used for "the whole musical scale;" the figurative sense of "entire scale or range" of anything is first recorded 1620s.

In modern Greek:
a) gamma: the Greek letter gamma [Gr: γάμμα; γ ]
b) gama: gamut, spectrum, range [Gr: γκάμα]

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Etymology of gum

The word gum (resin), comes from the Old French gome "(medicinal) gum, resin," from the Latin cummi, a transliteration of the Greek commi [gum; Gr: κόμμι]. As a shortened form of chewing gum, first attested 1842 in American English.

In modern Greek:
a) gomma: gum, ruber, eraser [Gr: γόμμα]

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Etymology of galley

The word galley comes from the Old French galie, from Medieval Latin galea, from the Late Greek galea, from galei (a kind of fish; Gr: γαλέη).

In modern Greek:
a) galera: galley [Gr: γαλέρα]
b) galeos: tope [a kind of fish; Gr: γαλέος]

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Etymology of antelope

The word antelope comes from the Old French antelop, from Medieval Latin ant(h)alopus (11c.), from Greek antholops (attested in Eusebius of Antioch, c.336 C.E.), a fabulous animal haunting the banks of the Euphrates, very savage, hard to catch and having long saw-like horns capable of cutting down trees.

In modern Greek:
a) antilopi: antelope [Gr: αντιλόπη]

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Etymology of cook, cuisine, kitchen

The word cook (n) comes from the Latin cocus (cook) from the verb coquo [to cook, to think, to be unquiet, to worry (about), to mix], which most probably derives from the Greek verb cycao/cucao [stir up, mix together; Gr: κυκάω].
Others etymologize coquo from the Greek verb pesso [to cook, to boil, to make something soft (Gr.: πέσσω); Att.: petto (πέττω); later pepto (πέπτω), peptic].
Finally, a few etymologize coquo from the Greek verb ceo (burn; Gr: καίω).

From the same root: 
En: cooker, cookery, cuisine, biscuit, kitchen
Ger: kochen, kuche
It: cuocere, cucina, biscotto
Fr: cuire, cuisine, biscuit

In modern Greek:
a) cyceon: mix of dissimilar things, confusion, disorder [κυκεών]
b) cusina: cuisine, kitchen [κουζίνα; reborrowing]
c) biscoto: biscuit [μπισκότο; reborrowing]


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Etymology of plus, plural

The word plus comes from the Latin plus (more) from the Greek pleos [more, in greater number, more than; Gr.: πλέος].

From the same root: 
plural, pluri- pluralism, plurarity, pluralize, pluralist, pleo- (pleomorphic etc), poly-, plethora


In modern Greek (Romeika, Rumca): 

a) pleon: more [Gr: πλέον]

b) pleonasma: surplus, excess [Gr: πλεόνασμα]

c) pleonasmos: pleonasm [Gr: πλεονασμός ]

d) pleonektima: advantage [Gr: πλεονέκτημα]

e) plethos: a lot of, a large number of [Gr: πλήθος]

f) plethintikos: plural [Gr: πληθυντικός]

g) plethismos: population [Gr: πληθυσμός]

h) plethora: plethora, plenty [Gr: πληθώρα]


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Etymology of tardy, retardation

The adj. tardy comes from the Latin tardus (slow, dull, stupid), which most probably derives from the Greek vradys/vradus (slow; Gr: βραδύς; vradus/vardus/tardus].
Others etymologize it from the Latin taru-dos from the v. teru-, from the Greek terys/terus [thin, weak, wιthout power; Gr: τέρυς]

From the same root: tardiness, tardily, retard, retardation, brady- (bradycardia, bradypnea, bradykinesia etc).

In modern Greek:
a) vradys (bradys): slow [Gr: βραδύς]

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Etymology of tarragon, estragon (Fr)

Tarragon (estragon) is a plant whose aromatic leaves are used for flavoring. The word comes from the Byzantine* Greek tarchon. from the Arabic tarhun, from the Greek drakontion (dragonwort), from the Greek drakon (dragon, snake).

French: estragon
Spanish: taragona
Italian: targone
Greek: estragon [Gr: εστραγκόν; loanword, reborrowing]

* The term Byzantine Empire is falsely used by some to describe the Roman Empire from the 4th to 15th century.
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Etymology of cabaret

The word cabaret (lit. tavern) comes from the old French camberete, from cambre, from the Latin camera, transliteration of the Greek camara. See also: "Etymology of camera" here, and "Etymology of chamber" here.

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Etymology of chamber

The word chamber comes from the old French chambre (room, chamber), from the Latin camera (vaulted room), which is merely a transliteration of the Greek camara [Gr: καμάρα]. See also the post entitled "Etymology of camera", here.
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Etymology of solid

The word solid comes from the French solide (firm, dense, compact) from the Latin solidus/solus (firm, whole, entire), which is a transliteration of the Greek holos [whole; Gr: όλος].
.
From the same root: solidus, soldier, solicit, solidarity, solidity, solicitor, holo- [holocaust, hologram, holograph etc], holism, holistic.
.
In modern Greek (Romeika, Rumca):
a) olos: whole, entire [Gr: όλος]
b) holisticos: holistic [Gr: ολιστικός]
c) oli: all, everybody [Gr: όλοι]
d) solido: solidus (coin) [Gr: σόλιδο]

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Etymology of exotic

The word exotic (belonging to another country), comes from the French exotique from the Latin exoticus, which is a transliteration of the Greek exotikos [foreign, from the outside; Gr: εξωτικός], from exo [outside; Gr: έξω].
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From the same root: exoticism, exo- [exit, exodus, exogamous, exogenous, exophthalmic, exorcism, exoteric, exothermic, exterior etc].
.
In modern Greek (Romeika, Rumca):
a) exo: outside [Gr: έξω]
b) exodos: exit, exodus [Gr: έξοδος]
c) exoterico: exterior, abroad, outward appearance [Gr: εξωτερικό]
d) exoticos: exotic [Gr: εξωτικός]
e) exo- [exosi: eviction, ejection; exostis: balcony; exostrefia: extroversion; exosyzygicos: extramaterital; exoscholicos: adj out-of-school; exoterikefsi: exteriorization; exotico: fairy, elf; exofyllo: (book) cover; etc.]
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Etymology of elixir

The word elixir or philosopher's stone, believed by alchemists to transmute baser metals into gold and/or to cure diseases and prolong life, comes from the Arabic al-iksir, from the late Greek xirion [powder for drying wounds; Gr: ξηρίον], from the Greek xiros [dry; Gr: ξηρός].
.
In modern Greek (Romeika, Rumca):
a) xiros: dry [Gr: ξηρός]
b) xirasia: drought [Gr: ξηρασία]
c) xira: land, mainland [Gr: ξηρά]
d) xirotita: dryness, aridity [Gr: ξηρότητα]
e) elixirio: elixir [Gr: ελιξήριο; loanword]

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Etymology of sophistication, sophisticated

The word sophistication (use or employment of sophistry) comes from the Latin sophisticare (adulterate, cheat quibble) from the Latin sophisticus (of sophists), a transliteration of the Greek sophistikos (of or pertaining to a sophist), from the Greek sophistis (a wise man, master, teacher).

From the same root: sophist, sophisticate, sophisticated, sophism, sophistic, sophistry, sophomore

In modern Greek (Romeika, Rumca):

a) sophistis: sophist [Gr: σοφιστής]
b) sophisma: sophism, fallacy [Gr: σόφισμα]
c) sophistia: sophistry [Gr: σοφιστεία ]

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