Etymology of plus, plural

The word plus comes from the Latin plus (more) is related to the Greek pleos [more, in greater number, more than; Gr.: πλέος].

From the same root: 
plural, pluri- pluralism, plurarity, pluralize, pluralist, pleo- (pleomorphic etc), poly-, plethora


In modern Greek: 

a) pleon: more [Gr: πλέον]

b) pleonasma: surplus, excess [Gr: πλεόνασμα]

c) pleonasmos: pleonasm [Gr: πλεονασμός ]

d) pleonektima: advantage [Gr: πλεονέκτημα]

e) plethos: a lot of, a large number of [Gr: πλήθος]

f) plethintikos: plural [Gr: πληθυντικός]

g) plethismos: population [Gr: πληθυσμός]

h) plethora: plethora, plenty [Gr: πληθώρα]


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Etymology of tardy, retardation

The adj. tardy comes from the Latin tardus (slow, dull, stupid), which some relate it to the Greek vradys/vradus (slow; Gr: βραδύς; vradus/vardus/tardus].

Others relate it to the Latin taru-dos from the r. teru-, related to the Greek terys/terus [thin, weak, wιthout power; Gr: τέρυ]

From the same root: tardiness, tardily, retard, retardation, brady- (bradycardia, bradypnea, bradykinesia etc).

In modern Greek:
a) vradys (bradys): slow [Gr: βραδύς]

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Etymology of tarragon, estragon (Fr)

Tarragon (estragon) is a plant whose aromatic leaves are used for flavoring. The word comes from the Byzantine* Greek tarchon. from the Arabic tarhun, from the Greek drakontion (dragonwort), from the Greek drakon (dragon, snake).

French: estragon
Spanish: taragona
Italian: targone
Greek: estragon [Gr: εστραγκόν; loanword, reborrowing]

* The term Byzantine Empire is falsely used by some to describe the Roman Empire from the 4th to 15th century.

OED
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Etymology of cabaret

The word cabaret (lit. tavern) comes from the old French camberete, from cambre, from the Latin camera, transliteration of the Greek camara.
See also:
"Etymology of camera" here, and
"Etymology of chamber" here.

In modern Greek:
cabare: cabaret [Gr: καμπαρέ; loanword]

OED
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Etymology of chamber

The word chamber comes from the old French chambre (room, chamber), from the Latin camera (vaulted room), which is merely a transliteration of the Greek camara [Gr: καμάρα].

See also the post entitled "Etymology of camera", here.


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Etymology of solid

The word solid comes from the French solide (firm, dense, compact) from the Latin solidus/solus (firm, whole, entire), which is related to the Greek holos [whole; Gr: όλος].
.
From the same root: solidus, soldier, solicit, solidarity, solidity, solicitor, holo- [holocaust, hologram, holograph etc], holism, holistic.
.
In modern Greek :
a) olos: whole, entire [Gr: όλος]
b) holisticos: holistic [Gr: ολιστικός]
c) oli: all, everybody [Gr: όλοι]
d) solido: solidus (coin) [Gr: σόλιδο]

OED

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Etymology of exotic

The word exotic (belonging to another country), comes from the French exotique from the Latin exoticus, which is a transliteration of the Greek exotikos [foreign, from the outside; Gr: εξωτικός], from exo [outside; Gr: έξω].
.
From the same root: exoticism, exo- [exit, exodus, exogamous, exogenous, exophthalmic, exorcism, exoteric, exothermic, exterior etc].
.
In modern Greek:
a) exo: outside [Gr: έξω]
b) exodos: exit, exodus [Gr: έξοδος]
c) exoterico: exterior, abroad, outward appearance [Gr: εξωτερικό]
d) exoticos: exotic [Gr: εξωτικός]
e) exo- [exosi: eviction, ejection; exostis: balcony; exostrefia: extroversion; exosyzygicos: extramaterital; exoscholicos: adj out-of-school; exoterikefsi: exteriorization; exotico: fairy, elf; exofyllo: (book) cover; etc.]

OED

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Etymology of elixir

The word elixir or philosopher's stone, believed by alchemists to transmute baser metals into gold and/or to cure diseases and prolong life, comes from the Arabic al-iksir, from the late Greek xirion [powder for drying wounds; Gr: ξηρίον], from the Greek xiros [dry; Gr: ξηρός].
.
In modern Greek:
a) xiros: dry [Gr: ξηρός]
b) xirasia: drought [Gr: ξηρασία]
c) xira: land, mainland [Gr: ξηρά]
d) xirotita: dryness, aridity [Gr: ξηρότητα]
e) elixirio: elixir [Gr: ελιξήριο; loanword]

OED

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Etymology of sophistication, sophisticated

The word sophistication (use or employment of sophistry) comes from the Latin sophisticare (adulterate, cheat quibble) from the Latin sophisticus (of sophists), a transliteration of the Greek sophistikos (of or pertaining to a sophist), from the Greek sophistis (a wise man, master, teacher).

From the same root: sophist, sophisticate, sophisticated, sophism, sophistic, sophistry, sophomore

In modern Greek:

a) sophistis: sophist [Gr: σοφιστής]
b) sophisma: sophism, fallacy [Gr: σόφισμα]
c) sophistia: sophistry [Gr: σοφιστεία ]

OED.
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Etymology of canvas

The word canvas (an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric) comes from the old French canevas, from cannapaceus (made of hemp), from the Latin cannabis, a transliteration of the the Greek cannabis (hemp).

In modern Greek:

a) camvas: canvas [Gr: καμβάς]
b) cannavis: hemp, cannabis [Gr: κάνναβις]

OED.
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Etymology of canteen

 The word canteen (store in a military camp) comes from the French cantine from the Italian cantina (wine cellar, vault) from the Latin canto (corner), which most probably derives from the Greek word canthos (canthus, corner of the eye; Gr: κανθός).

.

In modern Greek:

a) canthos: Gcanthus [Gr: κανθός]

b) cantina: canteen [Gr: καντίνα; loanword ]

.

See also (in Greek) "Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek" by G. Babiniotis p.628 and EP21.

OED.

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Etymology of camera

The word camera (a device that records and stores images; vaulted building), comes from the Latin camera (vaulted room), which is a transliteration of the Greek word camara (a vault, arched roof or ceiling, vaulted chamber; room). The word was also used as a short for camera obscura (dark chamber; a black box with a lens that could project images of external objects), and thus it became the word for "picture-taking device".

.

In modern Greek:

a) camera: camera [Gr: κάμερα; loanword]

b) camara: arch, arcade [Gr: καμάρα]

c) camara: room [Gr: κάμαρα]

d) camariera: chambermaid [Gr: καμαριέρα]
e) camarini: dressing room, green room [Gr: καμαρίνι]

OED

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Etymology of serpent

 The word serpent (reptile, snake) comes from the Old French  sarpent, from the Latin serpentem [nom. serpens; snake], from the v. serpo which is related to the Greek v. herpo / erpo (to creep; Gr: έρπω].
.

From the same root: serpentine

.

In modern Greek:

a) erpeto: serpent [Gr: ερπετό]

b) serpantina: serpentine [Gr: σερπαντίνα; loanword]
c) erpo: v. to creep [Gr: έρπω].

OED

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Etymology of dragon, dragoon

The word dragon comes from the Old French dragon, which in turn comes from the Latin draconem  [huge serpent, dragon], from the Greek word drakon [serpent, giant seafish; Gr: δράκων].
.

From the same root: dragoon, dragonet
.

In modern Greek:
a) drakos: dragon [Gr: δράκος]

OED

Etymology of griffon, griffin

Griffon is a type of dog. The word griffon (also griffin or gryphon) comes from the old French grifon from the Latin gryphus / grypus, a transliteration of the Greek gryphon / gryps [Gr: γρύφων; lit. curved, hook-nosed], a legendary mythological creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle.

In modern Greek :
a) grypas: griffin, legendary creature [Gr: γρύπας]
b) grifon: griffon [Gr: γριφόν; loanword]

WKP
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Etymology of crypt

The word crypt (vault, cavern) comes from the Latin crypta (vault, cavern), from the Greek crypte, fem. of cryptos [hidden; Gr: κρυπτός], verbal adj. from cryptein [to hide, to conceal; Gr: κρύπτειν]. See also "etymology of grotesque" here.
.
From the same root:
cryptic, crypto-, cryptogam, cryptogram, cryptographer.
.

In modern Greek :
a) crypte: crypt [Gr.: κρύπτη]
b) crypto (or cryvo): to hide, conceal, secrete [Gr.: κρύπτω or κρύβω].
c) cryptographos: cryptographer [Gr.: κρυπτογράφος]
d) cryptographima: cryptogram, coded message [Gr.: κρυπτογράφημα]
.
OED.
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Etymology of grotesque

The adj. grotesque comes from the French crotesque from the Italian grottesco, (lit. "of a cave,"), from grotta, from the Latin crypta (vault, cavern), which is a transliteration of the Greek crypte [crypt, hidden place; Gr: κρύπτη]. Initially the phrase "figura grottesca" (or "pitture grottesche") was referring to the paintings of the caves.
.
In modern Greek:
a) grotesco: grotesque [Gr.: γκροτέσκο; loanword]
b) crypte: crypt [Gr.: κρύπτη]
c) crypto (or cryvo): to hide, conceal, secrete [Gr.: κρύβω]

OED.
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Etymology of graffiti

The wοrd graffiti comes from the Italian graffiti, plural of graffito (a scribbling), from graffiare (to scribble) from the Greek grafo (to write, to draw, to scratch; Gr: γράφω].
.
From the same root: -graphy (eg. geography), graphologist, graphic, praphics, graphite .
.
In modern Greek:
a) grafo: (to write, to draw, to scratch, to type; Gr: γράφω].
b) grapsimo: handwriting [Gr: γράψιμο]
c) graphologos: graphologist [Gr: γραφολόγος]
d) engrafo: document, deed [Gr: έγγραφο]
e) graphica: graphics [Gr: γραφικά]
f) graphites: graphite [Gr: γραφίτης]

OED. 
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Etymology of gas

The word gas is simply a phonetic transcription of the Greek word chaos [Gr: χάος]. It was first used in the early 17th century by the chemist J.B. Van Helmont.
.
In modern Greek:
a) haos: chaos [Gr: χάος].
. 
WKP
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Etymology of aria

The word aria comes from the Italian aria, from the Latin aerem, accusative of aer (air), which is a transliteration of the Greek aer [air; Gr: αήρ]. See also etymolology of air here.
.
In modern Greek:
a) aria: aria [Gr: άρια]
b) aeras: air [Gr: αέρας


WKN
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Etymology of carrot

The word carrot comes from the old French carrotte, from the Latin carota, which is a transliteration of the Greek caroton (carrot; Gr: καρωτόν).

.

In modern Greek :

a) caroto: carrot [Gr: καρώτο]

OED

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Etymology of kiss

The verb kiss comes from the old English cyssan, from the German kussen, which is related to the Greek kysso (Gr: κύσσω/κύσω; fut. of the verb kyneo, Gr: κυνέω: to kiss).

OED

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